Real-life safety profile of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19: an analysis of VAERS database

Introduction Since the first COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccines became available globally for emergency or conditional use, post-marketing surveillance activities have been implemented for the monitoring of any adverse events that might arise in daily clinical practice and were not detected earlier during clinical trials. Methods Safety data concerning the BNT162b2 and the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines were collected from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) for the period from December 2020 to October 15, 2021. In addition to a descriptive analysis of individuals who experienced an adverse event after vaccination, a case-non-case analysis was performed by using the Reporting Odds Ratio with 95% confidence interval as statistical parameter for detecting differences in reporting rates between the two mRNA vaccines. Results At the cut-off date, a total of 758,040 reports were submitted to VAERS, of which 439,401 were related to the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccine and 318,639 to the Moderna vaccine (mRNA-1273). Most common adverse events following immunization for both mRNA vaccines were headache, fatigue, pyrexia, dizziness, nausea, pain, chills, and pain in extremity. A disproportionality was found for BNT162b2 as compared with mRNA-1273 for some events of special interest, such as myocarditis [ROR 2.00;95% confidence interval (CI), 1.93 to 2.06], Bell's palsy (1.34;1.29 to 1.39), and anaphylactic shock (3.23;2.96 to 3.53). Conclusion Even if some rare adverse events were identified, our survey of post-marketing surveillance has provided further evidence of the favourable safety profile of mRNA vaccines.

Safety of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy: a VAERS based analysis.

PURPOSE: Since vaccination against COVID-19 is recommended in pregnant people, we aimed to provide further evidence on the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy. METHODS: Data on COVID-19 vaccines adverse events following immunizations (AEFIs) in pregnant people were retrieved from the open-access Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from December 2020 to April 2022. RESULTS: From December 2020 to April 1, 2022, a total of 4,869 reports involving pregnant women at COVID-19 vaccination were reported to VAERS. Among vaccines recipients, most belonged to the age group between 30 and 39 years old (3,029; 62.21%) and nearly half experienced an adverse event within 48 h of immunization (2,344; 48.14%). Overall, 21,816 suspected adverse reactions associated with COVID-19 vaccines were reported, and for as many as 80.43% of patients, they were described as non-serious. Most reactions occurred after administration of the mRNA-1273 (53.34%) and the BNT162b2 (40.68%) vaccines, while only a small proportion were related to the Johnson & Johnson's vaccine (5.69%). The most common non-pregnancy specific adverse events were headache (482; 2.21%), fatigue (472; 2.16%), and pyrexia (436; 2.00%), while adverse pregnancy outcomes with the highest reporting rate were abortions spontaneous (762; 3.49%), and vaginal haemorrhage (229; 1.05%). CONCLUSION: This post-marketing survey on VAERS data have provided updated evidence on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy, thus supporting clinicians in recommending maternal immunization.

Real-life safety profile of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19: An analysis of VAERS database.

INTRODUCTION: Since the first COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccines became available globally for emergency or conditional use, post-marketing surveillance activities have been implemented for the monitoring of any adverse events that might arise in daily clinical practice and were not detected earlier during clinical trials. METHODS: Safety data concerning the BNT162b2 and the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines were collected from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) for the period from December 2020 to October 15, 2021. In addition to a descriptive analysis of individuals who experienced an adverse event after vaccination, a case-non-case analysis was performed by using the Reporting Odds Ratio with 95 % confidence interval as statistical parameter for detecting differences in reporting rates between the two mRNA vaccines. RESULTS: At the cut-off date, a total of 758,040 reports were submitted to VAERS, of which 439,401 were related to the Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccine and 318,639 to the Moderna vaccine (mRNA-1273). Most common adverse events following immunization for both mRNA vaccines were headache, fatigue, pyrexia, dizziness, nausea, pain, chills, and pain in extremity. A disproportionality was found for BNT162b2 as compared with mRNA-1273 for some events of special interest, such as myocarditis [ROR 2.00; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.93-2.06], Bell's palsy (1.34; 1.29-1.39), and anaphylactic shock (3.23; 2.96-3.53). CONCLUSION: Even if some rare adverse events were identified, our survey of post-marketing surveillance has provided further evidence of the favourable safety profile of mRNA vaccines.

Safety Profile of Molnupiravir in the Treatment of COVID-19: A Descriptive Study Based on FAERS Data.

Concerns have been raised about the actual benefit and safety of molnupiravir, a new antiviral treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In order to provide additional evidence to support its use, we aimed to evaluate the real safety profile based on post-marketing pharmacovigilance data. Molnupiravir safety data were captured from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). We performed a descriptive analysis of the baseline demographic characteristics of patients who experienced at least one adverse drug reaction (ADRs) related to molnupiravir, and then evaluated those most frequently reported. As of 31 March 2022, 612 reports of ADRs related to molnupiravir were submitted to the FDA, 301 (49.18%) were related to females and 281 (45.92%) to males. Most reports (524; 85.62%) were submitted by healthcare professionals and 345 (56.37%) concerned serious outcomes. The most common reported ADRs were diarrhoea (57; 4.51%), rash (36; 2.85), nausea (29; 2.30%), and COVID-19 pneumonia (22; 1.74%). The most frequent adverse reactions reported with molnupiravir in the U.S. post-marketing experience are consistent with the safety evaluation of the antiviral medicine. Even if no evident safety concerns emerged, an unexpectedly high rate of serious adverse reactions together with a few cases of potential new adverse reactions occurred.

Safety profile of hydroxychloroquine used off-label for the treatment of patients with COVID-19: A descriptive study based on EudraVigilance data.

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, worldwide attempts were made to identify potential drugs effective against the COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine was among the first receiving attention. However, following its use in therapy, it has been shown that hydroxychloroquine was not only ineffective but probably, due to its known side effects, even responsible of increased mortality of patients. The objective of this study was to review the safety profile of hydroxychloroquine used off-label for the treatment of COVID-19. We analyze the reports of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) collected in EudraVigilance, the European database of ADR reports. We collected 2266 reports for 2019 and 6525 for 2020. The most reported ADRs during 2020 were those relating to cardiac, hepatic, renal toxicity such as QT prolongation with 400 cases in 2020 (of which, 345 cases-9.97%-with COVID-19 as a therapeutic indication) versus 1 case only in 2019 (0.01%), long QT syndrome: 38 cases in 2020 (36 as COVID-19 treatment) versus 0 in 2019, hepatitis: 13 cases in 2019 (0.11%) and 132 in 2020, and 32 cases (24, 0.69%) of acute kidney injury in 2020 and only 3 cases in 2019. Moreover, some important vision-related ADRs also increased significantly during 2020, such as retinal toxicity with 92 cases in 2020 versus 7 in 2019. Even though with its intrinsic limitations, our results may be added to the most recent scientific evidence to confirm the unfavorable risk profile of hydroxychloroquine in its off-label use in the treatment of COVID-19 disease.